2011年4月4日 星期一

英語詞根


PREFIXES

a- = of; 

afresh (adv.) 重新、再             anew (adv.) 重新、再               adown 朝下
akin 同種的、類似的


a- = on;

aback (adv.) 向後                     abed  在床上                           ablaze (a.) 發光、著火
aboard (adv.) 在國外                afar遙遠地                               afloat漂浮地,漂浮的
afoot 徒步地                            aground (船)擱淺                ahead ……之前
ahead……之前                     alive活的                         aloof (adv.)遠離,躲開
asleep睡著的                           away 在遠方

a- = make …; 加強語氣

abide遵守                                alight 由車或馬上下來            alike相似的
aloud大聲地                            amaze使驚愕                           arise起來,產生
arouse喚起                              ashamed 羞恥的                      await等候
awake吵醒                               athirst 渴望的


a- = ad-= to   at   for

abandon放棄                           abase貶抑                                abate減少
abridge縮短                             achieve完成                             amass 積聚
ameliorate改善、修正              amenable順從的                      amount總計
avenge……報仇          avenue大街                             avow 公開承認


a- = ab- = not   without   from   away
avert 避開,調轉                     avocation 副業,嗜好

a-= ex-=out   extremely
abash 使羞愧                           amend 修正,改善          avoid避免

a-= negative= not   without
abysss 深淵,地獄           achromatic 無色的                   Amazon   亞馬遜河
amnesty   大赦,特赦              amoral      非道德的                  apathy冷淡,漠不關心
aphasia失語症                 asylum 避難所                 asymmetry不對稱,不均勻
atheism 無神論                        atom原子                        atypical 非典型的

ab-= from   away from   off
abaxial 離開軸的                     abdicate放棄權利,讓位  abduce 使外旋,外展
abduct綁架,誘拐                   abject 卑鄙的                           abnormal 變態的,不正常的
abominate 痛恨,厭惡             abortion 流產;墮胎                abrade 摩擦,擦傷
abrupt 突然的                          absolve 赦免                            absorb 吸收;使全神貫注
abuse 濫用                               abscess 膿瘡,潰瘍         abscond潛逃;逃亡
abstain 戒絕                            abstract 提煉;抽象的             abstruse 難解的
abundant 豐富的                     advance 前進                           avaunt 走開


ad- = to   at   for

abbreviate縮短                 accede允諾                              accelerate加速
accomplice從犯                       accost向人打招呼                    accumulate堆積
accustom使習慣                      acknowledge承認                     acquire獲得
adapt適應                                addict使沉溺                           adhere粘著
advent到來                              advocate擁護                           affiliate聯合
affirm確認                               afflict使痛苦                            aggress侵略
allocate分配                             append附加                             appraise評估
ascertain探知                           assert主張                                assume假定
attach附上                               attain達到                               acclimate 使服水土

al-= all
almighty 萬能的                      almost 差不多,幾乎               alone 單獨的

ambi- = on both sides   about   around
ambidextrous兩手靈巧的 ambiguous含糊的                    ambition雄心
ambivalent猶豫不決的             ambient 周圍的                      

amphi- = on both sides   around
amphitheater圓形劇場             amphibian 水陸兩栖的            amphibiology 兩栖生物學

an-= negative= not   without
anaemia 貧血症                       anaethetic 麻醉劑                    anarchy無政府狀態
anecdote 軼事                          ambrosia 神的食物

ana-=upon   on   up
anabaptist 再洗禮派教徒 anachronism 時代錯誤             analogy 相似,類似

ante- = before
antecedent在先的                    antechamber來賓接待室  anteroom來賓接待室
antedate 提前的日期                anterior 前面的                        anticipate預期
ancient古代的                 ancestor祖先                            antediluvian 洪水時代以前的

anti- = against   opposite to

anti-communist反共的            antipathy反感                          antiseptic 防腐的
antithesis對照、對比               antagonist敵手                Antarctic南極的
antonym反義詞


auto- = self

autobiography自傳                   autocracy專制政治          autogamy自體生殖
autogenous自生的                   autonomy自治區                     authentic 真正的
autoinfection自身感染             autonym 真名

be-= to make
becalm 使不動                 befool愚弄                               befoul 污染
befriend照顧                            beguile欺騙                             belittle貶低,輕視
benumb使麻木                        betroth 許配   

be-= to cover with
becloud 蒙蔽                           bedew沾濕                               befog罩入霧中,迷惑
bestar佈滿星星

be-=upon
become                                    befall降臨,遭遇                     behold
bemoan悲慟                            beset 包圍                               bespeak預定

be-=by
because    因為                         bequeath遺贈                          beside在旁


bene- = well   good

benediction祝禱                       benefaction恩惠、施惠            benefactor恩人
beneficent親切的、慈善的      beneficial有益的                      beneficiary收益人
benefit有益於                          benevolent慈善的                    bonus 恩惠

bi- = double   two
bicameral兩院制的          bilingual雙語的                       bimonthly兩個月一次的
bipolar兩極的                  biweekly一周兩次的                bicycle自行車

circum- = around   round about
circumference圓周                   circumstance環境、情況 circumspect 慎重的
circuit電路、回路                    circumlunar 環繞月球的  circulate 流通,巡迴

com- = together   with   wholly
combat戰鬥                             combine聯合                           comfort安慰
commemorate紀念                   commend稱讚                 commotion騷動
commute通勤                          compile編輯                            compose組成
coalesce合併、聯合         coalition聯合                           coeducation男女合校的教育
coerce強迫                               coexist共存                              cooperate合作
collaborate合作                        collapse倒塌                            colleague同事
collide碰撞                              combustion燃燒                      conceit自負、自大
concentrate集中、專心            conclude下結論                       concord和諧、一致
condescend屈尊俯就                configuration外形                    confront使面臨
conglomerate聚集                    conjunction結合                      consent同意
consume消費                           contaminate弄髒、污染   correlate使相互關聯


contra- = against

contradict否認                 contrary相反的                        contrast對比
counteract抵消                        counterpart相對的人或物

de- = down   downward

decapitate斬首                 decay腐爛                                decease死亡
deceive欺騙                             decipher譯(密碼)         declare宣告
deduce演繹、推論                   defect缺點                               defer服從
deform使殘廢                  deliberate考慮                  delinquency過失、犯罪
demerit過失、短處          demolish推翻、毀壞                demonstrate證明
depict描寫                               derive獲得                               despise 蔑視
detail詳述                                detain使延遲                           devastate使荒廢、毀滅
devour毀滅

de- = apart   from

decode譯解                              defer延緩                         deficit赤字
defrost去冰或霜                       dehydrate脫水                 detach派遣、分離

dis- = apart   away
disadvantage不利                     disagree不同意                disapprove不贊成
disbelieve不信、懷疑               discard拋棄                              discern辨認
discontinue中止                       discord不一致                  discourage使氣餒
discreet言行謹慎                     discrepancy矛盾、不一致        discrete個別的、不連續的
discriminate歧視                      disfavor不贊成                 disguise偽裝
disgust厭惡                             disintegrate使分解                   display展示
disregard忽視、不理睬            dissolve溶解、解散         distribute分配
dessert甜點                              digest消化、融會                    dimension尺寸、規模
diminish減少                           diffident缺乏自信的
en- = in   into   on   at   near   make
enact制定為法律                     enclose圍繞                             encompass圍繞、包含
encounter對抗                 encourage鼓勵                 encroach侵佔
endeavor努力                           enlarge擴大                             enlighten啟迪
enlist使入伍                            enrage激怒                              enrich使豐裕
entitle使有資格                       entrust委託                             environment環境
embed埋入,深留                   embrace擁抱                            empower授權
ex- = out of   fully
exact正確                                exaggerate誇大                        exasperate激怒
exceed超越                              excel優於、勝過                      excerpt摘錄
exclude拒絕、除外          execute實現                             exempt免除
exert施行、運用                      exhaust用盡                            exhibit陳列
exhilarate使興高采烈               exit出口                                  exotic外國的
expand擴張、膨脹           expect期望                              expel驅逐
expire期滿                               explicit明確的                 expose暴露
exterior外面的                 external外部的                extinguish熄滅
extrinsic外在的                        emancipate解放
extra- = beyond
extraordinary特別的         extreme極端的                extremity極端
fore- = before
forearm前臂                            forebear祖先, 祖宗          forefather祖先, 祖宗
forefinger食指                 foregoing在前的, 前述的 foreground前景, 最顯著的位置
forehead前額                           foreman領班, 工頭          foremost最先的, 最初的, 最重要的
foresee預見, 預知                    foretell預言, 預示, 預測 foreword   前言,
hyper- = above   beyond
hyperactive極度活躍的            hypercriticism苛求                   hyperinflation惡性通貨膨脹
hyper-militant 極度好戰的       hypersensitive感覺過敏的
hypo- = under (hyper- 相反)
hypocrisy偽善                  hypothesis假設
in- = in   into   on
inborn天生的, 生來的             incentive動機                          inceptive起初的, 開端的
incident事件, 事變          include包括, 包含                   income收入, 收益
increase增加, 增大, 增長        incur招致                                indoor戶內的, 室內的
induce勸誘, 促使, 導致  indulge縱容                             infect傳染, 感染
infiltrate滲透                           inflame燃燒                             inflate使(通貨)膨脹, 使充氣
infringe侵犯, 違反          infuriate激怒                           infuse灌輸, 注入
ingrained根深蒂固的               inhale吸入                               inherit繼承
inhibit抑制, 約束                    inject注射, 注入                      inlet入口, 小港
innate先天的, 天生的             innovate改革, 創新         inquire詢問, 問明, 查究
inscribe記下                            insect昆蟲                               insert插入, 嵌入
insight洞察力, 見識                inspect  檢查, 視察         intake入口
intoxicate使陶醉, 醉人            intrigue陰謀, 詭計          intuition  直覺
invade侵略, 侵襲                    invest投資                               involve包括, 使陷於
illuminate照明, 闡明               illusion幻想                             illustrate舉例說明, 圖解
immerge浸入, 浸沒         immigrate使移居入境              impair削弱
impart傳授, 告知                    impediment妨礙, 阻礙            impinge撞擊
impoverish使貧窮                    imprint留下烙印                      irrigate灌溉
inter- = between   among
intercept中途阻止, 截取  interchange相互交換               interfere干涉, 干預
interfuse (使)混入, (使)混合     intermingle混合                       international國際的, 世界的
interplay相互影響                    interpret解釋, 口譯         interrupt中斷, 插嘴
intersect橫斷                           interstellar星際的                    intervene干涉, 干預
interval間隔, 距離                   interweave (使)交織
intra-/ intro- = within   inward
intrapersonal內心的         intra-school校內的                   introspect內省, 內觀
introvert性格內向的人
macro- = large   long
macroeconomics宏觀經濟學                                                  macrometeorology宏觀氣象學  
micro- = small
microbiology微生物學             microeconomics微觀經濟學     micrometeorology微觀氣象學
microphone 麥克風               microscope顯微鏡
neo- = new
neoclassicism新古典主義 neocolonialism新殖民主義       neofascism新納粹主義
neoromanticism新浪漫主義
out- = out   beyond
outbreak爆發                           outcome結果                           outcry叫喊
outflow流出                            outlook展望                             outpour流出
outgrow生長速度超過             outlandish異國風味的             outline外形、輪廓
outlive生存得比~更長             outnumber數目超過                outpace追過
outrage暴行                             outwit ~ 機智
over- = above   across   beyond
overact動作過度                      overbridge/overpass天橋   overburden使負擔過重
overcoat大衣                           overcome擊敗、壓倒               overcredulous過度輕信的
overcrowd過度擁擠         overeat吃得過多                      overestimate高估
overflow溢出、氾濫                overlap部分重迭                      overseas海外的
overtake趕上                           overthrow推翻                 overturn推翻
overwhelm壓倒
para- = beside   beyond   against   contrary
parable比喻、寓言           parachute降落傘                      paragraph段落
parallel平行                             paralyze使麻痹                        paramount最高的、卓越的
per- = through   thoroughly   away
perceive感覺、知覺         perennial永久的                       perfect完美的
perform實行、履行         perish毀滅                               permanent永久的
permeate滲透、普遍                permit許可                              perpetual永遠的
perplex使困擾                  persist持久                              perspective遠景、視角
persuade說服                           pervade遍及、彌漫
post- = after   behind
postdoctoral博士後的               posterior後部的                       posterity子孫
postgraduate研究生         postpone推遲                           postscript附筆
pre- = before
precaution預防                        precede在前                             preclude阻止
predecessor前任                       predict預言                              preface前言
prefer較喜歡                            pregnant懷孕的                       prejudice偏見
preliminary準備的                   premature未成熟的          premium獎金
preoccupy使凝神於          prepare準備                             prerequisite首要的事物
prescribe規定                           present現在的                  preserve保存
preside主持(會議)               presume假定                           pretend假裝
prevail盛行                              prevent妨礙、防止          preview預習
previous先前的
re- = again   back
rebel謀反                         recall召回、號召                     recede後退、撤回
recite背誦                                reclaim教化、糾正          reconcile和解、調停
record記錄                               recreation娛樂                 recruit招募
reduce減少                              redundant多餘的、冗贅的       refer參考
reflect反映                               refraction折射                  refresh使爽快
refrigerator冰箱                       refuge避難                               rehearse預演、排練
reinforce增強                           reject拒絕                                relax放鬆
relevant有關的                relieve減輕                              reluctant勉強的
remedy治療                             remorse悔恨                            Renaissance文藝復興
renew更新                               renounce放棄                          repeat重複
repel拒絕、排斥                      reply答覆                         resemble相似
restore恢復                              resume重新開始                      retard阻礙、妨礙
retort反擊、反駁                     revenue總收入                 revise校訂、修正
revive振興
retro- = backward
retrospect回顧
se- = away   apart
secede脫離、退出                    secret秘密的                            secrete分泌
seduce引誘                              segregate分離、隔離               select選擇
separate分離
step- = orphaned
stepbrother同父異母(或同母異父)的哥哥(或弟弟) 
stepchild前夫(或前妻)所生子女                                     stepdaughter繼女,過繼的女兒
stepfather繼父                 stepmother繼母                       stepparent繼父()
stepsister異父(母)姐妹        stepson繼子
sub- = under
subconscious潛意識的             subject使服從                  sublime莊嚴的
submarine潛水艇                     submerge淹沒                  submit屈服於
subscribe簽名、捐助               substance物質                 substitute代替
subtitle副標題、字幕              subway地鐵                             succeed繼承
succinct簡潔的                        suffer忍受                               suffice足夠
suffocate使窒息                       suggest提出                             summon傳招、召集
support支持                             suppress鎮壓                           susceptible易受影響的
suspect懷疑                             sustain供應、維持
super- = above   over
superabundant過多的              superb豪華的、有餘的            supercilious自大的
superficial表面的、膚淺的       superintend監督、管理            superior較好的
supernatural超自然的              supersonic超音速的         superstition迷信
supervise監督                          supreme最高的                        supremacy最高
sovereign主權的                      surface表面                             surmount戰勝、爬越
surname                               surpass超越                             surplus過剩的
surrender屈服                          surround包圍                           survey考察
survive生存
syn- = with   together
synchronism同時發生              syndicate  財團                       synonym同義字
syntax句法                              synthesis綜合, 合成                system系統, 體系
syllable音節                             symbol符號, 記號, 象徵 sympathy同情, 同情心
symphony交響樂, 交響曲       symposium討論會, 座談會      symptom症狀, 徵兆
tele- = far off
telecommunication通訊           telegram電報                           telegraph電報
telephone電話                 telescope望遠鏡                       television電視
trans- = beyond   across   over
transaction辦理, 交易             transfer轉移, 傳遞                   transform轉換
translate翻譯, 解釋         transmit傳輸, 轉送         transparent透明的, 明晰的
transport傳送, 運輸         tradition傳統, 慣例         traitor叛逆者, 叛國者
tranquil安靜的                 transcend超越, 勝過                trespass侵入
with- = against   back
withdraw收回, 撤銷                withhold使停止, 抑制             withstand抵擋, 經受住

SUFFIX

–ant
assistant助手, 助教         descendant子孫, 後代             emigrant移民
immigrant移民, 僑民              inhabitant居民, 居住者           servant僕人
tenant承租人, 房客
–ee
committee委員會                    employee職工, 雇員                examinee投考者, 應試者
nominee被提名的人, 被任命者  trainee練習生, 新兵
–eer
auctioneer拍賣人
–ent
agent代理()                  correspondent通訊記者            opponent對手, 反對者
president總統, 校長        resident居民                            student學生, 研究者, 學者
–er
baker麵包師                            commander司令官, 指揮官     customer消費者
gardener園丁                           leader領導者                            manufacturer製造商
mariner水手                            murderer殺人犯, 兇手             owner所有者, 業主
philosopher哲學家, 哲人 prisoner囚犯                            producer生產者
–ess
actress女演員                          empress皇后                            hostess女主人
princess公主                            stewardess女乘務員
–ist
communist共產主義者            dogmatist武斷的人          novelist (長篇)小說家
specialist 專家                 tourist旅行者, 旅遊者             typist打字員
violinist小提琴演奏者
–ism   -asm
antagonism對抗(狀態)             Buddhism佛教                 communism共產主義
existentialism 存在主義           exoticism異國情調          heroism英雄主義
Marxism馬克思主義                optimism 樂觀主義          pessimism悲觀主義
enthusiasm熱心, 積極性
–itude
altitude高度                             aptitude恰當, 智慧          fortitude堅韌
gratitude感謝                           latitude緯度                             magnitude大小, 數量,量級
multitude多數                 solitude孤獨
–able   -ible
amenable   available   changeable   desirable   imponderable   irritable   noticeable   reasonable   unforgettable   contemptible   horrible   incredible   negligible
–ed
aged   bearded   crowned   cultured   gifted   moneyed   talented
–ful
dreadful   fruitful   graceful   merciful   mournful   regretful   scornful   shameful   thoughtful
–ic
academic   angelic   arctic   athletic   diplomatic   domestic   emphatic   exotic   fantastic   gigantic   idiotic   lunatic   patriotic   scenic
–ish
bookish   brownish   childish   feverish   selfish   yellowish   bluish   greenish   reddish
–ous
envious   furious   glorious   gorgeous   industrious   laborious   perilous   righteous   spacious   strenuous   tremulous   vicious   virtuous
–proof
bombproof   bulletproof   fireproof   foolproof   rainproof   soundproof   waterproof   weatherproof
–some
burdensome   irksome   meddlesome   quarrelsome   tiresome   troublesome   wearisome   wholesome
–en
darken   fasten   hasten   heighten   lengthen   moisten   redden   sharpen   strengthen   threaten   weaken   worsen
–esce  表動作開始或正在進行
coalesce   obsolesce
–fy
classify   edify   fortify   fructify   identify   justify   liquefy   nullify   personify   purify   qualify   satisfy   signify   simplify   stupefy
–ish
admonish   banish   blush   cherish   demolish   diminish   flourish   furnish   languish   punish
–ize/ -ise
civilize   dramatize   generalize   organize   specialize   symbolize   utilize   vicimize
–le
chuckle   dazzle   sparkle   sprinkle   startle   twinkle


Root

act = to act(在行動)
activate刺激, 使活動   activation活化, 啟動   activator催化劑, 觸媒劑   actual實際的, 真實的   actuality實在, 現狀   actualize實現, 實施   actuate開動, 促使   enact制定法律, 頒佈  enactment設定, 制定  inaction無行動, 不活動, 無為, 怠惰  inactive無行動的, 不活動的   interact互相作用, 互相影響   react起反應, 起作用  reactor反應堆   reaction反應, 反作用   transact辦理, 交易   transaction辦理, 處理,   agency代理處, 行銷處, 代理, 仲介   agent代理()   agile敏捷的, 輕快的, 靈活的   agility敏捷, 活潑   agitate攪動, 搖動, 煽動, 激動  agitation激動, 興奮, 煽動, 攪動  agitator煽動者  agony苦惱, 極大的痛苦  prodigal浪費的
alt = high ()
altar  祭壇, (基督教教堂內的)聖壇, 祈禱祭拜的地方altimeter高度計  altitude 高度,   exalt晉升  exaltation提升, 提高  haughty  傲慢的
alter/ali = other
alter改變   alteration變更, 改造   alternate交替, 輪流, 改變   alternation交替, 輪流, 間隔  alternative二中擇一, 可供選擇的辦法, 事物   altruism利他主義   altruistic利他的, 無私心的   alien外僑   alienate疏遠   adultery通姦, 通姦行為  
am = to love
amateur業餘愛好者  amatory戀愛的, 情人的   amiable親切的, 和藹可親的   amicable友善的, 和平的   amorist情人, 情郎  amorous多情的, 戀愛的   enemy敵人, 仇敵  enmity敵意, 憎恨
ang = to strangle
anger   angry   anguish   anxiety   anxious
angl/ angul = angle
angle   angular   equiangular   quadrangular   rectangle   triangle   triangular
anim = breath   mind
animal   animate   animation   equanimity   inanimate   magnanimity   unanimity   unanimous
ann = year
anniversary   annual   biannual   biennial   centennial   perennial
anthrop = man
anthropocentric以人類為中心的   anthropography人類地理分佈學, 人種志   anthropology人類學  philanthropy慈善事業
apt = fit
apt   aptitude   aptness   adapt   adaptable   adaptation   adaptive   inapt   inaptitude
aqua = water
aquatic水的, 水上的, 水生的, 水棲的
arm = weapons
arms   armada   armament   armed   armour   alarm   disarm   disarmament
art = skill
artful   artist   artistic   artless   artifact   artificial
aud = to hear
audible聽得見的   audience聽眾, 觀眾   audiphones助聽器   audition聽力, 試聽   auditorial審計員的, 查帳官的, 通過聽覺的   auditorium會堂, 禮堂  auditory耳的, 聽覺的   obedient服從的, 孝順的  disobedient不服從的
aug = to increase   to make to grow
auction   auctioneer   augment   augmentative   august   author   authority   authoritative   authorize   authentic   authenticity
avi = bird
aviate   aviation   aviator   auspice   auspicious   inauspicious   inaugurate   inauguration
band/bond = to bind
band   bandage   bond   bound   boundary
bio = life
biochemistry生物化學  biography傳記   biographer傳記作者   biology生物學   autobiography自傳   autobiographical自傳的   antibiotic抗生素
bre = short
brief   briefly   abbreviation   abridge   abridgement
cand = white   bright
candle   candid   candidate   incandescent   incandescence
cant/ chant/cent = to sing
enchant   enchantment   accent   accentuate
cap = head
capital   capitalism   capitalist   capitalize   captain   cabbage   decapitate   precipitate
cap = to take
capable   captive   capture
cast = to throw
cast   broadcast   forecast   outcast   telecast
cav = hollow
cave   cavern   excavate
cede   ceed = to go   to yield
accede   access   accessible   antecede   antecedent   concession   exceed   exceeding   exceedingly   excessive   precede   precedence   precedent   proceed   process   recession   succeed   success   successful   successive   successor
ceive   cept   cip   cipate = to take
accept   acceptable   acceptance   accepted   conceive   conceivable   concept   conception   deceive   deceivable   deception   deceptive   intercept   perceive   perception   perceptive   precept   receipt   receptive   susceptible   susceptibility   anticipate   anticipation   participate   participation   emancipation
celer = swift
celerity   accelerate   acceleration   accelerator   decelerate
cent = hundred
centennial   centigrade   centimeter   century   percent   percentage
centr = center
central   centralism   centralization   acentric   concentrate   concentration   decentralize   eccentric
cern   cret = to separate
concern   concerning   discern   discreet   discrete   secret   secretary   secrete
cert = sure
ascertain   certain   certainty   certify   certificate   certification   concert
chron = time
chronic   chronology   synchronous
cide   cise =  to cut
concise   decide   decision   decisive   incise   incision   incisive   insecticide   precise   precision   suicide
circ   cyc = ring
circle   circular   circulate   circulation   circuit   circus   encircle   semicircle   cycle   cyclist   cyclone   bicycle   tricycle   encyclopaedia
cite = to call   to urge
cite   excite   excitable   excitement   incite   recite   recital   solicitor
claim   clam = to cry
claim   clamour   acclaim   acclamation   exclaim   exclamation   proclaim   proclamation
clin = to bend
decline   incline   inclination   climax
clud = to shut
close   closet   closure   conclude   conclusion   conclusive   disclose   disclosure   enclose   exclude   exclusion   exclusive   include   inclusion   preclude   seclude
cognis   gnos = to know
cognition   cognitive   diagnose   diagnosis   ignore   ignorant   recognize   recognition

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